How It Would Work
California, along with New York, Massachusetts, Vermont, and Maine, have embarked on policies to encourage the development and spread of electric-drive and low pollution vehicles. The goal is to reduce air pollution from mobile sources. These policy initiatives, advances in power electronics, and the opening of electricity markets across the country create opportunities for electric-drive vehicles to reduce air pollution, and at the same time increase the reliability and efficiency of the electric power system. This opportunity is based on using the electric storage of battery vehicles, or the generation capacity of hybrid and fuel cell vehicles, for ancillary services and/or peak power. Three elements are required for V2G: 1)power connection for electrical energy flow from vehicle to grid, 2) control or logical connection, needed for the grid operator to determine available capacity, request ancillary services or power from the vehicle, and to meter the result, and 3) precision certified metering on board the vehicle. For fuelled vehicles (fuel cell and hybrid), fourth element, a connection for gaseous fuel (natural gas or hydrogen), could be added so that on board fuel is not depleted.
Topology Of V2g
There are characteristics such as large numbers, difference in vehicle parameters, distribution in space and randomness in time for electric vehicles as mobile storage unit to access network. Currently, some scholars make certain research on V2G vehicle scheduling strategy, but generally, the vehicles response to the market price in order to maximize economic profit. When the number of vehicles participating in V2G reached a large-scale, it will cause certain influence to the operation of the distributed network if completely relying on the response of the vehicle on the load side. At the same time, it is obvious difficult for the regional dispatch center to dispatch each vehicle.
Introduction
With the popularization of electric vehicles and the construction of charging stations, the understanding of people to the electric vehicle and the changing station is not only confined to the transportation and the "gas station". It is desired to exploit more extensive application. The concept of V2G was firstly brought out by Willet Kempton of the Delaware University. The initial goal of V2G was to provide peak power, that is, the electric vehicle owners charging the vehicles in low load with lower price and discharging the vehicles in peak load with higher price. Then, the vehicle owners can get the profits from the V2G project. The functions of the vehicle in power grid were expanded, and the conclusion was get that benefit of providing peak power is significantly less than providing auxiliary services to the power grid . The V2G research also was carried out in some other countries such as Denmark, Britain and Germany, etc .
Problem of V2G Parameter Forecasting
When the electric vehicles participate in regional distribution network for peak power regulation, it must be arranged in corresponding region scheduling scheme. The V2G forecasting is necessary, which include prediction of the number of vehicle participated in V2G service, the total available capacity, the available power in each time. Accurate forecast the parameters of V2G is the basic elements of realize the functions of V2G. It is because of V2G power with two-way interaction and the user interaction, so the prediction of V2G available capacity is more complex than the traditional load forecasting. From technology to analyze, V2G storage capacity can be acquired through the following two ways.
CONCLUSION
With the popularity of electric vehicles, the effect of electric vehicles as mobile storage units in power systems cannot be ignored. EVs can be well combined with the smart grid to provide many services for the grid and increase the control means of the power distribution side at the same time reflecting the user participation and interaction. The application and promotion of V2G technology is undoubtedly of great significance.
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